Hello! Welcome.
A conditioner could have protein and no silicones, or silicones and no protein... or both... or neither.
You can find very moisturizing conditioners with proteins, without proteins, with silicones, or without silicones. The variability is endless, really.
Yes, silicones make the hair more slippery. As far as I know, they are not great at moisturizing but for some people will help keep moisture in. For me personally, the heavier silicones make my hair feel crunchy and dry. But it's truly a unique thing. You may need to experiment a little to find out what your hair likes. (Sounds like you're already doing that!).
I don't think silicones or proteins interfere with hair color but perhaps someone more knowledgeable will chime in on that one.

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